See cudować on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nacudować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cud",
"4": "-ować",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish cud\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish cudować\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to help\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂euh₁-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ovati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cudować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"cudować\">\nFrom cud + -ować.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish cud\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish cudować\nFrom cud + -ować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cudować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "cudować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cu‧do‧wać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cu‧do‧wać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasovia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "55 14 14 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasovia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 17 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fuss (to do something fancy for no good reason)"
],
"id": "en-cudować-pl-verb-16DYPfD7",
"links": [
[
"fuss",
"fuss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, colloquial or dialectal, Lasovia, Zagórze) to fuss (to do something fancy for no good reason)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wydziwiać"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Łowicz Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 50 15 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Łowicz Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
29
]
],
"english": "Why are you acting so strange?",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Cos tak cudujes?",
"translation": "Why are you acting so strange?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to act strangely"
],
"id": "en-cudować-pl-verb-HH0KjUk5",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"strangely",
"strangely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Łowicz, Zagórze) to act strangely"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 14 54 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 17 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of grymasić"
],
"id": "en-cudować-pl-verb-zO9xmWod",
"links": [
[
"grymasić",
"grymasić#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Zagórze) synonym of grymasić"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "grymasić"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podegrodzie Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podegrodzie Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 25 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to marvel"
],
"id": "en-cudować-pl-verb-okzxivob",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"marvel",
"marvel"
]
],
"qualifier": "Near Masovian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, Near Masovian, Podegrodzie, Zagórze) to marvel"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dziwić się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Podegrodzie"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡su.dɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "cudować"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lasovia Polish",
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Podegrodzie Polish",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewd-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/3 syllables",
"Zagórze Polish",
"Łowicz Polish"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "nacudować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cud",
"4": "-ować",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish cud\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish cudować\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to help\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂euh₁-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ovati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cudować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"cudować\">\nFrom cud + -ować.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish cud\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish cudować\nFrom cud + -ować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cudować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "cudować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cu‧do‧wać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cu‧do‧wać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lasovia Polish",
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Zagórze Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"to fuss (to do something fancy for no good reason)"
],
"links": [
[
"fuss",
"fuss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, colloquial or dialectal, Lasovia, Zagórze) to fuss (to do something fancy for no good reason)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wydziwiać"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Polish terms with collocations",
"Zagórze Polish",
"Łowicz Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
29
]
],
"english": "Why are you acting so strange?",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Cos tak cudujes?",
"translation": "Why are you acting so strange?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to act strangely"
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"strangely",
"strangely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Łowicz, Zagórze) to act strangely"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Zagórze Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of grymasić"
],
"links": [
[
"grymasić",
"grymasić#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Zagórze) synonym of grymasić"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "grymasić"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Podegrodzie Polish",
"Polish reflexive verbs",
"Zagórze Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"to marvel"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"marvel",
"marvel"
]
],
"qualifier": "Near Masovian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, Near Masovian, Podegrodzie, Zagórze) to marvel"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dziwić się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Podegrodzie"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡suˈdɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡su.dɔ.vat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "cudować"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cudować meaning in All languages combined (4.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, colloquial or dialectal, Lasovia, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, colloquial or dialectal, Lasovia, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, colloquial or dialectal, Lasovia, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, colloquial or dialectal, Lasovia, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Łowicz, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Łowicz, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: intransitive, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: reflexive with się, Near Masovian, Podegrodzie, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: reflexive with się, Near Masovian, Podegrodzie, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: reflexive with się, Near Masovian, Podegrodzie, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: reflexive with się, Near Masovian, Podegrodzie, Zagórze",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"cudować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cudować",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.